Individual+Post


 * __Oil Alternatives Research Wiki Post__**


 * __Lead Questions:__**


 * What type of oil alternative have you chosen to focus on?**

For this oil alternatives project, I have chosen to focus on Space-Based Power, which includes primary focuses on both Space-Based Solar Power (SBSP) and power from Solar Wind.


 * Which two projects illustrate the potential and challenges of this oil alternative?**

Spaced-Based Solar Power: Japan is currently working toward constructing a $21 billion project to send a solar cell-covered satellite into space with the hope of providing nearly 300,000 homes with power.

Space-Based Solar Wind Power: Though this area of research is mostly hypothetical and early design rather than a project currently being developed, the Dyson-Harrop Satellite, designed by two scientists from Washington State University, is a future project to capture the electrons from within the solar wind to potentially provide more energy than mankind even needs.


 * While both demonstrate the potential for an incredible, or even over-productive, power supply, both also share similar developmental, technological, operational, and financial or economic challenges.


 * __Context Questions:__**


 * What is the historical background to the type of oil alternative you are focusing on?**

Both forms of energy shared a similar past as they developed, yet their initial discoveries are vastly different and one of a kind. Space-Based Solar Power was first discovered by Peter Glass in 1968 and it soon took the technology world by storm. In the late 1970’s and early 1980’s NASA began what was called a “reference study” to look into the initial plausibility of the energy resource. This followed with a project called “Fresh Look” in the mid-1990’s and research has continued throughout the remainder of the 1900’s and 2000’s. While solar panels and cells are quickly growing throughout the terrestrial world, the demos and research for the use of solar power satellites in space have only scratched the surface of the possibilities that this energy source has to offer.

The term solar wind, first discovered by Richard Carrington in 1859 and further defined by Kristian Birkeland in 1916, was coined in 1958 by a man named Eugene Parker. Immediately after this source of constant energy was revealed, nations around the globe began researching the science and power behind this mysterious energy. Russia, at the time the Soviet Union, Launched its Luna 1 satellite in 1959 to explore the solar wind in space and the United States followed when the Mariner 2 was launched and discovered the slow and fast parts of the solar wind. Later, in the early and mid-1990’s the Ulysses Probe researched the Sun’s higher solar latitude winds and moved over both the North and South poles of the star. These events led to simulations, demos, and test launches of the use of solar sails as a means of spacecraft propulsion within the last few years and recently has been considered for an Earth-bound power supply.


 * What is the current state of the oil alternative you are focusing on?**

Though these energy alternatives will undoubtedly prove to be of great value in the years to come, due to the current expenses and needed technological advancements associated with their development, only demos, prototypes, and other experiments have been completed or are currently in the making. Luckily, it is expected that within the next few decades (preferably no later than the latter half of the 2030’s), space-based power will be standing (technically floating) front and center as the primary source of the world’s energy supply. As the featured projects will show, an immense amount of support and dedication is currently being put into making the visions and drawings of today the realistic and fully-functioning green technologies of tomorrow. While the horizon of Earth does in fact seem to come to an end, outer space and the power it can provide, at least from what science can now tell us about space, has no foreseeable end to its horizon.


 * What people and organizations have been key actors? What other stakeholders should be noted?**

As no research would be complete without stakeholders and social actors, it should be noted that there are many groups and organizations that would be involved with and interested in power from space including, but definitely not limited to:

__For America:__ -National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) -United States-Based National Space Society -Space Power Association -U.S. Department of Energy -U.S. Air Force -PowerSat Corporation -United States Pentagon’s National Security Space Office (NSSO) -Space Energy (Full of interesting topics and stories: []) -Solaren (A California Company) -Pacific Gas and Electric (PG&E) -People involved or who could benefit: technical/computer designers and programmers, engineers, astronauts, green energy companies, space agencies, electric companies, national government, military, etc.

__Additional Stakeholders and Actors/Other:__ -Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) -NASDA (part of JAXA) -Energy, Electric, Heating, Lighting Companies -Astrium (European Space Company) -Private investors and businesses that can utilize the power around the world -The European Union -International Space Station and International Space Agency -Mankind as a whole can utilize the energy that is recovered from space in numerous ways.


 * What debates have occurred within or around this oil alternative?**

Some of the debates associated with these oil alternatives, as well as their projects, are regarding the safety and welfare of the environment, wildlife, and people of Earth. One of the biggest concerns was that the lasers or microwave beams would harm, make ill, or kill people and animals that would move through it. However, these fears have been shot down based upon current knowledge of these types of scenarios, as well as research that has been done specifically for this purpose. Nothing has been shown that would suggest animals, such as birds would be affected by the beams and people are naturally protected by the metal of any airplane or helicopter that may fly through the area. All other forms of air travel already utilize maps which mark the “no fly zones,” such as military bases, and so these rectenna regions could simply be added to the list of areas to stay clear of, need be. Microwaves also reduce in power incredibly quickly as they disperse away from the original focus, thus leaving all surrounding environments, towns, and populations free of any health risks or concerns. A few people have complained about rocket fuel exhaust produced from the constant transportation of materials up into space, yet in reality the amount released during this activity would be minimal in comparison to that which is produced by other forms of constant transportation, such as automobiles and airplanes.


 * What broad social, political, economic, and cultural trends will likely affect the development of this oil alternative?**

While culturally, nations around the world seem to be in agreement that power from space will play a key role in the future of energy, this concept’s biggest challenge is to confront the economic and transmission obstacles that are currently preventing the industry from expanding to its full potential. I feel that any and every culture on the planet, even the most developed and industrialized, would enjoy a self-sufficient and independent lifestyle. In America specifically, President Obama is making an effort alongside various other government departments to work towards alternative and renewable energy sources. Technologically speaking, researchers believe that everything needed to make these space machines is, for the most part, already in existence, so once a stronger supply of funds and investments can be dedicated to its development, space-based power should take off in no time at all.


 * What three quotes (from three different sources) help explain the background, current state, social ecology, and broad context of the oil alternative you are focusing on?**


 * 1.) “A single kilometer-wide band of geosynchronous Earth orbit experiences enough solar flux in one year to nearly equal the amount of energy contained within all known recoverable conventional oil reserves on Earth today.”**
 * (Brian Berger, Space News)**


 * 2.) “A satellite with a 1,000-meter (3,280-foot) cable and a sail 8,400 kilometers (5,220-miles) across . . . would generate one billion billion gigawatts of power. That’s approximately 100 billion times the power Earth currently uses.”**
 * (Eric Bland, Discovery News)**


 * 3.) “Space solar power [as well as solar wind power] can provide large quantities of energy to each and every person on Earth with very little environmental impact . . . .As Earth receives only one part in 2.3 billion of the Sun’s output, space solar power is by far the largest potential energy source available, dwarfing all others combined.”**
 * (“About Space Solar Power,” NSS.org)**

These three quotes explain not only the basic concepts and current states of the space-based designs, but also the potential for these resources to single-handedly provide the absolute maximum amounts of energy that mankind could ever need, while also doing so in the most environmentally-conscious and safest ways possible.


 * __Project Analyses:__**
 * //__One: Solar Power__//**


 * What project illustrates the potential and challenge of the oil alternative you are focusing on?**

A Japanese solar satellite project, costing two trillion yen, is one of the primary projects on which I chose to focus. While the potential it possesses is great (powering roughly 300,000 homes in Tokyo), the problems that are being encountered, such as cost and transmission difficulties, are proving to the world just how challenging this energy alternative might be.


 * Where is the project, and what are its key features?**

This project will be located within geosynchronous orbit, or orbiting the Earth, thus being able to continuously take in the sun’s energy, yet also remain within consistently close range to the planet. An interesting concept is the size of these designs, especially this project in particular. While on Earth a single unit of solar panels are usually only made to a certain size, this Japanese project is designed to be one massive conjoined unit with a complete size of 4 square kilometers (about 2.5 square miles). While in relation to the distance from Earth the platform area is really nothing major, this is still an unheard of size for any energy conductor in comparison to one that a person would see sitting around on Earth’s surface. The key feature that will be seen on Earth is of course the rectifying antenna, or rectenna, which will more than likely be placed either above farmland or in arid, deserted regions of the world simply because it will be less intrusive than if it were in more populated areas.


 * Why is the project located where it is, and how has its location affected its development and impact?**

This project would be located, as previously stated, in geosynchronous orbit which allows the satellite to remain within close proximity to the Earth (and by close, I mean close in relation to everything else in space) at all times. Obviously, this location has greatly affected its development and impact because space is nothing like Earth and therefore very different research and planning must go into designing and creating this system. Even just to build this space power project, all of the material must be launched up into space and then the actual structure must be built while floating around in zero gravity; that is not something you see every day. However, the outcome of this project is expected to be immense, having the potential to provide thousands upon thousands of homes with energy. Being able to supply so much energy with so little terrestrial impact makes this investment worth the time, money, and effort that must be put into it.


 * What organizational structure supports the project?**

This project is supported primarily by the Japanese government and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), which incorporates the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), the National Development Agency of Japan (NASDA), and the National Aerospace Laboratory of Japan (NAL). In addition, there is support and even research being done by Kyoto University, the Japanese Space Development and Utilization Ministry, and the Japanese Government’s Institute of Energy Economics, to name just a few more of the many organizations that would be involved.


 * What kinds of expertise have been needed to advance the project?**

As with any activities involving travel and development in space, some of the necessary expertise needed to make this idea a reality will include aerospace engineers, astronauts, astronomers and other space-related scientists and researchers. Also, in order to install the solar panels correctly and ensure proper transmission of the energy, technical and laser/optical programmers, and people with knowledge of physics, chemistry, and planetary/orbital motion will be required. Taking into account the cost and incredible investments which must be made in this technology, economists and business consultants might even be considered for participation in the planning and development of this space-based energy system.


 * How has the project been funded?**

This project in particular is funded by a group of 16 organizations, businesses, and corporations, with some of the biggest investors being: Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and Mitsubishi Electric Corporation, the Tokyo-Based IHI Corporation, and Sharp Corporation. These companies have been involved in nearly every aspect of this project, from the initial development and research to the current ongoing efforts to develop more advanced technology that will allow lasers and microwaves to reach Earth without spreading out or decreasing in power.


 * Who are the stakeholders, beneficiaries, and losers in this particular project?**

The list of stakeholders and beneficiaries for this project could go on for quite some time, however the following is a basic list of some of the most important and/or most directly connected groups and companies who will depend on space-based energy’s expansion and usage: -Space-related programs, such as JAXA or Astrium, which would help advance their research. -Aerospace engineers and astronomers whose job markets could greatly benefit from this. -Solar power-based companies will see a closer future. -Japanese public transportation systems and office buildings. -Other energy, electric, heating, transportation, lighting, and gas companies in Japan. -The human race, and even wildlife, will benefit greatly because people will get the energy they need, yet the environment and the planet’s wildlife will also remain clean and safe. -National governments that can seek to buy or make a profit/revenue off of the developing resource/industry. -Japanese militaries can benefit from development of space technologies not only for observation purposes, but also because this energy can be beamed back to literally any location on Earth, thus allowing a form of power that can reach military bases around the world without threatening the lives of any soldiers or energy transporters. (Similar to America’s intentions).

The only possible potential losers in this case, other than the oil companies and its affiliates, as is the case in all energy alternatives, seem to be other alternatives such as solar and wind power. Although currently these forms on Earth are much cheaper than the plans for space-based power, once the money is acquired and all of the alternatives are on an equal economic playing field, space power outweighs land-based solar and wind by a mile. The number one reason that this is the case is because on Earth, both the sun and wind are not, and never will be a 24/7 year-round promise, whereas space-based power does guarantee a 24/7 energy supply.


 * What may be barriers to effective development of this project?**

The four biggest barriers/challenges involved with this project are: cost, transmission technology, equipment/efficiency technologies, and natural occurrences that pose threats. More specifically, these barriers include: raising sufficient funds/obtaining grants, making lasers/microwaves that will reach Earth without dispersing or weakening, creating solar cells with better conversion efficiencies, and developing reusable spacecrafts to constantly transport materials up into space. In addition, while the equipment in space may be free from terrestrial problems, such as corrosion or plant overgrowth, it is not protected from micrometeoroid impacts, solar storms, or radiation meltdowns/heat meltdowns. Luckily all of these obstacles, with the exception of the naturally occurring threats, can be overcome with careful research, planning, and innovation.


 * Has there been any press coverage or research on the project? What has been of interest to other analysts?**

Based on what I have found, other than articles from space-related or science-related magazines such as PopSci and Space Daily, as well as basic research articles/studies by groups such as JAXA and the National Space Society, there seems to be very few evidence of major media coverage of this project (at least from an American point of view i.e. New York Times, Time, and other major American media).


 * What is your evaluation of the feasibility and potential impact of the project?**

While the feasibility of this satellite in today’s time in extremely difficult, with the proper technologies and economic backing I have great faith in the success of this project. When considering just how powerful and long-lasting this alternative is, I see no major reason as to why it would not play a significant role in the future of energy for mankind.


 * //__Two: Wind Power__//**


 * What project illustrates the potential and challenge of the oil alternative you are focusing on?**

The Dyson-Harrop Satellite is the solar wind project on which I have chosen to direct my focus. Although this project, as well as many others like it, is only in its design stage, there are high hopes that within the next few decades these current drawings and thoughts might come to life up in space. Given that this is not in development yet, some of the responses to the following questions are theorized as to who/what is expected to be involved as the experimentation and planning further progresses.


 * Where is the project, and what are its key features?**

This particular project, though it could be in geosynchronous orbit, would probably be located within sun-synchronous orbit with Earth, meaning it will be orbiting the sun as Earth does. The key features of this design would be the two main components that make up a basic solar sail: the wire and the sail itself. The wire, which is expected to be made of copper, can range from hundreds to thousands of feet in length. The electrons, which are attracted by this wire, are then collected at the base of the sail where some of the particles are used to reenergize the wire and others are used to power the beam/laser/wave (whichever method ends up being chosen) to bring energy back to Earth.


 * Why is the project located where it is, and how has its location affected its development and impact?**

This project would be located within a higher latitude of the sun-synchronous orbit for two reasons: it will be exposed to continuous solar wind from revolving around the sun and this is also where the strongest solar winds occur (at higher latitudes than the Earth’s ecliptic plane covers), thus allowing the satellite sail to collect the greatest amount of energy possible. The downside: while these types of projects are easy to develop in conception, the reality is that the distance away from Earth is so great that, much like the solar satellites, the launch costs to bring the materials out that far will be incredible. In addition, given that this construction would be taking place in space, anyone working to put it together will either have to rely on robotics or wear space suits, which are both usually less than optimal when it comes to construction. The last issue with its location is the distance the laser or beam must travel because as of now, even the best existing lasers would spread far too wide before reaching Earth, and so stronger, more precise lasers must be developed (which should hopefully be accomplished in the near future).


 * What organizational structure supports the project?**

Although only in the planning phase, one can make fairly accurate predictions as to who and what organizations will act as the support structure for this specific project. Obviously the biggest organizations that would act as the backbone to this development are the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the United States-based National Space Society, the U.S. Pentagon’s National Security Space Office (NSSO), and the United States Department of Energy (DOE). Given that the design and its creators originated from Washington State University, it might be fair to assume that this institution may also play a key role in supporting/conducting further research and exploration of this concept.


 * What kinds of expertise have been needed to advance the project?**

Similar to a space solar power project, a solar wind power project will also require aerospace engineers, astronauts, computer and design technicians, laser optical technicians, physicists, chemists, scientists, and perhaps other researchers, such as astronomers. Also similar to the solar power project, people with a strong knowledge of business and economics may want to be consulted because although solar wind power would currently be cheaper to explore and invest in than the solar power, the price is still high and any financial savings available would greatly help.


 * How has the project been funded?**

Although I believe that these types of projects should be fully funded by the government, and more specifically the department of energy through grants or assistance in fundraising, more than likely the advancement of these types of technologies will rely on a variety of private investors and joint partnerships. Some groups and corporations that might be interested in getting in on the solar wind deal are: Sharp (as it has done with solar power in Japan), General Electric, and other companies such as Pacific Gas & Electric who, aside from currently being interested in space solar power, would more than likely also be on board for working toward the development of solar wind power projects.


 * Who are the stakeholders, beneficiaries, and losers in this particular project?**

The following is a list of some of the most important and/or most directly connected groups and companies that would depend on space-based solar wind energy development and utilization:

-Like space solar power, all of the space-related programs (NASA, JAXA, Astrium) would benefit from this project by obtaining new information to help advance their own solar wind projects and research (specifically NASA given that this is a U.S. project). -Aerospace engineers and space and energy researchers could be looking at a rise in their job markets. -The ability to send energy anywhere on Earth (just as the solar power could do) is another great benefit for military bases, American embassies, and groups around the world that are conducting research in various remote locations, such as in the desert or Antarctica. -Solar wind power-based companies and other businesses such as Pacific Gas & Electric and heating, trucking, transportation, lighting and green energy companies, as previously stated, would all greatly profit from the development of solar wind power. -As technology is being developed to increase the power of a laser’s distance, it is also being made in such a way as to ensure that the lasers will not threaten lives or damage the environment, and thus mankind and Earth’s wildlife are social actors that will benefit from these new, more clean and safe technologies. -National governments around the globe, specifically America in this case, can find a new source of revenue from the industry, just as space-based solar power would offer.


 * What may be barriers to effective development of this project?**

Currently, the greatest barriers that need to be overcome are of course cost and technological requirements, not only because of its unusual location, but also because of the actual size of this project. More specifically, these challenges include reducing launch/material transportation costs, creating a more powerful laser or microwave, and finding/maintaining the necessary funding for continuous development, research, and testing. This project could also be threatened by the same natural occurrences as solar cells would be: solar storms (space weather), meltdowns and burnouts, and the chance of frequent meteoroid/ micrometeoroid and space debris encounters.


 * Has there been any press coverage or research on the project? What has been of interest to other analysts?**

While there has not been any press coverage on this type of design, the concept of solar sails was initially used for spacecraft travel because the “wind,” or particle flow, would get caught in the sail, thus pushing the vehicle/equipment through space without the use of fuels. It is this type of usage, as of today, that has received some media attention, though I would expect that stories on solar sails being used for power are soon to come. Some media companies that have covered these topics of sail transportation and solar wind in general are Science Daily, Discovery News, and New Scientist. However, a paper written by Dirk Schulze-Makuch and Brooks Harrop about this satellite was one piece of project-related material which did in fact make it into the International Journal of Astrobiology.


 * What is your evaluation of the feasibility and potential impact of the project?**

Although currently the necessary funding and technology is not yet available to take the next major step forward, I believe that any and all of the obstacles that solar wind power now faces can, with some work, be overcome within the next few decades quite easily. All in all, the most important aspect to focus on is that the potential definitely exists, and soon enough the feasibility and technological capabilities will follow.


 * __Conclusion:__**


 * What, in your view, in brief, is the potential and challenge of the oil alternative you are focusing on?**

The biggest problem involved with this energy resource is clearly the cost. However, considering America is spending millions (if not billions) of dollars annually anyway just to purchase oil from foreign nations, I see no reason why those millions of dollars cannot be redirected toward investing in a cleaner and more sustainable energy supply. While the planning and development may be years away from completion, I support the time and effort being put into finding the solution to Earth’s energy crisis. In all honesty, I would support just about any energy supply that has the ability to provide a surplus of energy while also reducing pollution and environmental destruction. However, between what I have learned thus far about the possible alternatives and what I have learned while researching for this project, it seems that power from space may actually be one of the best options available. With that being said, I cannot wait to see how it develops in the years to come.


 * What is your call-to-action?**

The following are the key points for what I believe are the most important steps to take in order to make space-based power the future of energy: 1.) Make government subsidies available for “green” space-based technologies/apply for grants. 2.) Have Congress pass legislation/pass charters to encourage space-based power more heavily. 3.) Begin serious fundraising methods and focus on this as the task at hand, rather than exploring other aspects elsewhere in space. (NASA should focus on home energy first, then when all is sound here, move to outer space and research of other stars or galaxies). 4.) Stop sitting/thinking about the potential of these alternatives and start moving/doing more to make them a reality sooner.


 * What story or statistic illustrates your main argument?**

The stories (one for each type of power) that I feel best illustrate my main discussion, which is that space-based power is the way to go in the search to find the world’s next big energy supplier, are:

For Solar: the fact that just a kilometer-wide band of solar cells can match the energy supply left in all of the oil reserves establishes an incredibly strong case for the support of space solar power and the article from the National Space Society, “About Space Solar Power,” is an overall great article in trying to gain support for further development.

For Solar Wind: The quote regarding the ability of this power source to generate the amount of energy that mankind uses 100 billion times over seems like a great reason to push the efforts harder in developing these technologies. Due to the fact that these solar sails are mostly in the design stages and there is not all that much information available at this point in time, I feel that the Wikipedia entry, entitled “Solar wind,” is currently one of the most detailed suppliers of solar wind information on the web.


 * __Bibliography__****: Works Cited**
 * Articles:**

Berger, Brian. “Report Urges U.S. to Pursue Space-Based Solar Power.” __Space News__. 12 Oct. 2007. < [] >.

Bland, Eric. “Solar Or Wind Power? Why Not Both?” __Discovery News__. 29 Sept. 2010. < [] >.

Boyle, Rebecca. “Solar Wind Could Replace Solar, Wind as Renewable Energy Source.” __PopSci__. 1 Oct. 2010. < [|http://www.popsci.com/science/article/2010-10/solar-wind-could-] [| replace-solar-wind-renewable-energy-source] >.

Cain, Fraser. “How Long Does it Take Sunlight to Reach Earth?” __Universe Today__. 12 June 2008. < [] >.

Chan, Yvonne. “Japan planning $21bn solar power station in space.” __Business Green__. 1 Sept. 2009. < [|http://www.businessgreen.com/bg/news/1802457/japan-planning-usd21bn-solar-] [| power-station-space]

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Marquit, Miranda. “Could solar wind power Earth?” __Physorg__. 4 Oct. 2010. < [] >.

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Sanders, Robert. “NASA funds $173 million auroral satellite mission.” __UC Berkeley News__. 31 March 2003. < [] >.

Schwartz, Ariel. “Japan Plans $21 Billion Solar Space Post to Power 294,000 Homes.” __Inhabitat__. 1 Sept. 2009. < [|http://inhabitat.com/japan-plans-21-billion-solar-space-post-to-power-294000-] [| homes/] >.

Shahan, Zachary. “$21 Billion Solar Power Station in Space – Planned by Japan.” __Clean__ __Technica__. 2 Sept. 2009. < [|http://cleantechnica.com/2009/09/02/21-billion-solar-power-station-] [| in-space-planned-by-japan/] >.

Pisharam, Smitha. “Solar Wind: Answer to Earth’s Energy Quest?” __Connect Green__. __Alternative__ __Energy__. 8 Oct. 2010. < [|http://www.connect-green.com/solar-wind-answer-to-earths-energy-] [| quest/] >.

“About Space Solar Power.” __National Space Society__. Last Modified 4 April 2011. < [] >.

“Generating Power Using Solar Wind.” __Crazy Engineers__. Last Modified 2011. < [] >.

“Japan Goin For Space Solar Energy.” __Renewable Power News__. 13 Dec. 2009. < [] >.

“JAXA History.” __Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency__. Last Modified 2011.  < [] >.

“Solar Wind Power Satellite.” __GreenMuze__. 4 Oct. 2010. < [] >.

“Space-based solar power.” __Wikipedia__. Last Modified 5 April 2011. < [] >.

“Solar Power Satellite.” __Boeing__. Last Modified 2011. <[] >.

“Space Solar Power (SSP).” __Open Energy Information__. < [] >.

“Solar sail.” __Wikipedia__. Last Modified 7 April, 2011. < [] >.

“Solar Wind.” __Free Dictionary__. __The American Heritage Dictionary__. 2005. < [] >.

“Solar Wind.” __Wikipedia__. Last Modified 24 March, 2011. < [] >.

“The Solar Wind – History.” __NASA__. Last Updated 5 June 2004. < [] >.

“What is solar wind?” __Space Environment__. __Northwestern__. < [|http://www.qrg.northwestern.edu/] [| projects/vss/docs/space-environment/3-what-is-solar-wind.html] >.

Google’s Space-Based Solar Power Timeline. __Google__. < [&tbs=tl:1,tl_num:20&prmd=ivns&ei=ixitTZuhIejZ0QGKrZnDCw&ved=0CGoQywEo Ag&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.&fp=d1235bb21e70f3a1|http://www.google.com/#q=history+of+space+based+solar+power&hl=en&sa=X] [&tbs=tl:1,tl_num:20&prmd=ivns&ei=ixitTZuhIejZ0QGKrZnDCw&ved=0CGoQywEo Ag&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.&fp=d1235bb21e70f3a1| &tbs=tl:1,tl_num:20&prmd=ivns&ei=ixitTZuhIejZ0QGKrZnDCw&ved=0CGoQywEo] [&tbs=tl:1,tl_num:20&prmd=ivns&ei=ixitTZuhIejZ0QGKrZnDCw&ved=0CGoQywEo Ag&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.&fp=d1235bb21e70f3a1| Ag&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.&fp=d1235bb21e70f3a1] >.


 * Images (Follow in Order of Slideshow):**

Background Stars in Space Image: <[]>.

Cover Image: <[]>.

Second Solar Sail on collage: <[]>.

Second Solar Wind Sail on collage: <[]>.

Solar Wind on collage: <[]>.

How Solar Power Works on collage: <[]>.

Satellite Beaming Energy to Earth on collage: <[]>.

International Space Station on collage: <[]>.

Solar Satellite over Earth in collage: <[]>.

Flat solar panel unit in space: <[]>.

Spinning Wind Sail: <[]>.

Earth and Sun: <[]>.

Solar Power Coming to Earth: <>.

Steps of Solar Power: <[]>.

International Space Station with Blue Panels: <[]>.

The Sun: <[]>.

Japanese Project (Both in Space and Beaming Energy to Earth): <[]>.

Comet Tail: <[]>.

Northern Lights: <[]>.

Solar Flare: <[]>.

Eclipse: <[]>.

Solar Wind and CME’s: <[]>.

Spinning Solar Wind Image: <[]>.

Magnetosphere: <[]>.

Sun and Magnetosphere: <[]>.

Solar Wind and Magnetosphere: <[]>.

Dyson-Harrop Satellite Drawing: <[]>.

Space Picture of What the Dyson-Harrop Satellite May Look Like: <[]>.

Laser Beam: <[]>.

America During the Day: <[]>.

America at Night: <[]>.

Buzz Lightyear: <[]>.